Sometimes, you can get lucky with timing. Because Subterfuge works in 10 minute intervals, the game uses the "Combat in progress" timer to set the battle at a 10 minute interval. If you can launch a sub at that time, it can escape. There is an exploit related to this if you have a shield increasing specialist (Queen, King, Security Chief) on an attacking outpost and you pull them out at the last second, so that the enemy gets the extra shield damage but your specialist can survive if the enemy was going to win. However, it's best to test out yourself with the time machine.
Reporting from the Bridge