I just tried the martyr gift with a sub of '1' following it, it does work however, the opponent can indeed redirect the martyr away from an outpost before the sub of '1' arrives thus losing you a martyr.
However, I haven't tried it by synchronizing arrival times between two different sub paths. Granted, by using two different sub paths they can easily send a sub of '1' back along the path it was sent on.
As for the main question, I tried gifting a specialist to myself to see if the global effect would no longer take place and it looks like until the specialist is owned by someone other than you the effect does not wear off.
R10t--
Software Engineering student by day, avid gamer by night.